SAN FRANCISCO — It began as a motion for $144,000 in attorney fees—not much by patent case standards.

It’s ballooned into a two-year-long war between one of the country’s most successful nonpracticing entities and one of the staunchest critics of so-called troll behavior. Following a trip to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Newegg Inc. and its outspoken general counsel, Lee Cheng, are renewing their quest for fees against Acacia Research Corp. in the San Jose courtroom of U.S. Magistrate Judge Paul Grewal.