Wide-scale surveillance of New Jersey Muslims by the New York Police Department caused “concrete and particularized” injuries, according to papers filed with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit seeking to overturn summary judgment dismissal of their civil rights suit.

The NYPD’s targeting of Muslims based solely on their religion, and not on any indicia of wrongdoing or criminal suspicion, constitutes an injury-in-fact that confers standing to assert constitutional claims, the plaintiffs argue in Hassan v. City of New York.