Requests made by former President George W. Bush and former Vice President Richard Cheney for materials from the National Archives are exempt from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled Tuesday.

Rejecting the claim of political journalist John Cook, the Second Circuit said the type of archived presidential and vice-presidential materials sought by Bush and Cheney can be withheld by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).