SAN FRANCISCO — A federal judge sent plaintiffs lawyers back to the drawing board on Wednesday to rework their claims that a host of app makers illegally siphoned information from consumers’ address books on iPhones and other Apple devices.

In a 57-page order, U.S. District Judge Jon Tigar of the Northern District of California picked apart the lion’s share of claims filed in a massive class action against Apple and the manufacturers of popular apps, including Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and Angry Birds. In one consolation prize for plaintiffs, Tigar allowed a common-law claim alleging app makers violated users’ reasonable expectation of privacy to move forward without amendments.